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Best windows pdf reader for eyes9/27/2023 ![]() ![]() But, these studies did not use the moving window paradigm.įurthermore, research using the moving window paradigm does not provide a consistent picture with respect to the question. A number of other studies likewise concluded that low-level perceptual processing (in terms of how far from fixation letter information can be obtained) does not differentiate slow and fast readers (see Rayner & Pollatsek, 1989 for an overview). Specifically, does the size of the perceptual span vary as a function of reading speed? Do fast readers have a larger perceptual span than slow readers? Jackson and McClelland (1975) concluded that the area from which a reader can obtain useful visual information was approximately the same for fast and slow readers. Quite surprisingly, despite a considerable amount of research using the gaze-contingent moving window, an important issue remains largely unresolved. It is also clear that the span is not simply the result of acuity limitations as Miellet, O'Donnell, and Sereno (2009) demonstrated that the span to the right of fixation remained 14-15 letter spaces when they used a parafoveal magnification technique in which letters on each fixation became increasingly larger further from fixation (to offset acuity limitations). That the asymmetry of the span is a function of attention is evident from the finding that it is reversed for readers of Hebrew ( Pollatsek, Bolozky, Well, & Rayner, 1981) who obtain more information from the left of fixation than to the right. Evidence for this comes from studies utilizing the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm developed by McConkie and Rayner (1975 see also Rayner & Bertera, 1979) in which the amount of information available to the reader is controlled on each eye fixation. ![]() That is, the perceptual span for skilled readers of alphabetic writing systems consists of 3-4 letters to the left of fixation (or the beginning of the currently fixated word) and 14-15 letter spaces to the right of fixation (see Rayner, 1998, 2009 for reviews). One of the most robust findings in research on the process of reading is that the region from which readers obtain useful information (i.e., the perceptual span) is rather limited.
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